Sailing stones

Abigbouldersticksoutofthedriedmud.Thisrockistooheavytopickup.Yet,ithasmysteriouslymoved.Afewdaysago,itwas250meters(820feet)away.Atrailshowswhereitmovedacrossthe dirt. 


Thisisn’ttheonlyrockonthemovehere.ManyoftherocksinthispartofDeathValleydon’tstayinoneplace.Theirtrailscrisscrossthecrackedmudofadried lake.

 

Someglideinstraightlines,thenstopandsettleintothedrymud.Somerocksmoveinpairs.Otherszigzagthiswayandthat,leavingajaggedtrail.Howdidtheymove?Noonehaseverseenit.It’sa mystery. 

Bouldersmysteriouslyzigand zaginDeathValley,California, U.S.A.

North
America

Death
Valley

Amantakesaphotographofbouldersandtheir trails.

Searching
foraCause

Overtheyears,peoplehavecomeupwithwildwaystoexplainhowtherocksmove.Somepeoplesaytherocksaremagicalandmoveontheirown.Otherssayaliensfromspacearemovingthem.Stillothersthinkprankstersareplayingtricks,movingtherockswhennooneislooking.Scientistshavelookedforevidenceinnaturetofind answers.


Anearlytheorywasthatgravitymovestherocks.Thisforcecouldtugontherocksandpullthemdownhill.Eventhoughthisarealooksflat,itactuallyslopesa little.

So,scientistslookedforpatternsinwhichdirectiontherocksmoved.That’swhenthegravitytheoryfellapart.Mostoftherockshadmoveduphill.Gravitypullsthingsdown,not up.


Anothertheorywasthatwindspushedtherocks.Thewindsherearestrong.Thescientistsdidexperimentstotestthewindtheory.Oneevenusedthewindfromaplanepropellertotrytomovetherocks.Thetestsshowedthatwindsaren’tstrongenoughtomovethebiggest boulders.

Thisvideofollowsthetrailmadebyaheavy stone.

ColdClue

Finally,scientistsnoticedthattherocksseemtomoveonlyinthewinter.That’swhenthisareasometimesfloods.Athinlayerofwatersurroundsthe rocks.

Studyingthewaterledscientiststonewtheories.GeologistPaulaMessinaobservedathinlayerofslimybacteriagrowinginthewater.Theslimemakesthegroundreallyslippery,sotherockscanslideeasily.Evenasmallwindmaybeabletopushthe rocks.

AnExperiment

ThewatergavescientistRalphLorenzadifferentidea.Couldringsoficeformaroundtherocks?Sinceicefloatsonwater,theicemightlifteventhebiggestrocksalittle.Thenalightwindcouldpush them.


Lorenzdidanexperimenttoseeifhistheoryworked.Hetesteditonamodel,andtherockmoved!Itsbottomscrapedalongthesand,leavingatrail.So,itseemsthaticeandwindcouldhelptherocksmove.Socouldbacteriaandwind.Boththeoriesarepossible.Noone’severseentherocksmove,sothismysteryremains unsolved.

Scientist RalphLorenz standsnearafloodedareaofDeath Valley.