DEVELOPMENT
Editorial Director: Richard Easby
Creative Director: Karen Thompson
Editorial Manager: Brenna Maloney
Senior Editor: Corinne Rucker
Media Manager: Jay Sumner
Rights Clearance Specialist: Jean Cantu
Designer: Patrick Cavanagh
Production: Emily McKean
BUSINESS AND OPERATIONS
Operations Manager: Emily Mallozzi
Project Manager: Erin West Kephart
MARKETING
Marketing Director: Jamie Bosley
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION
VP, Global Education Strategy: Lina Gomez
VP, Education Programs: Kim Hulse
Printed by Quad Graphics
Digital Design: Schuttelaar & Partners
Digital Content Platform: H5mag
PUBLISHED BY NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
President & CEO: Tracy R. Wolstencroft
Chief Financial Officer & Chief Operating Officer: Mike Ulica
EVP, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary: Angelo Grima
Chief Administrative Officer: Tara Bunch
EVP, Chief Scientist: Jonathan Baillie
Chief Marketing & Engagement Officer, SVP Global Strategy: Emma Carrasco
SVP, Partnerships: Leora Hanser
SVP, Storytelling: Kaitlin Yarnall
VP, International: Dave Schacht
Director, Executive HR: Yvonne Perry
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EXPLORER
(ISSN 1541-3357) is published seven times during the school year—September, October, November– December, January–February, March, April, May—by National Geographic Society, 1145 17th Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20036. Postmaster: Please send address changes to Attn: Explorer Magazine, National Geographic Society, PO Box 291875, Kettering, OH 45429. Periodical postage paid at Washington, D.C., and additional mailing offices.
Copyright © 2019 National Geographic Society. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction of the whole or any part of the contents of National Geographic Explorer without written permission is prohibited. National Geographic, National Geographic Explorer, and the Yellow Border are trademarks of the National Geographic Society.
DIGITAL CREDITS | COVER: PAKHNYUSHCHYY/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS. TOC: (BACKGROUND) OLAF HERSCHBACH/EYEEM/GETTY IMAGES; (LIONFISH) BABELFILM/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES; (BICYCLES) PROSTOCK-STUDIO/SHUTTERSTOCK; (FORD’S THEATRE) LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. LIONS ON THE LOOSE: (LIONFISH) BABELFILM/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES; (WATER BACKGROUND VIDEO) RASPIRATOR CREATAS VIDEO +/GETTY IMAGES PLUS; (LIONFISH) CIGDEM-SEAN COOPER/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (SWIMMING LIONFISH VIDEO) DAVID HANNAN/IMAGE BANK FILM/GETTY IMAGES; (DIVERS, REEF AND LIONFISH) KEN KIEFER 2/IMAGE SOURCE/SUPERSTOCK; (EATING LIONFISH VIDEO) ROBERTHARDING/IMAGE BANK FILM/GETTY IMAGES; (LIONFISH IN MANGROVE) ETHAN DANIELS/STOCKTREK IMAGES/ GETTY IMAGES; (CLEANER FISH) DOUG PERRINE/PHOTOLIBRARY/GETTY IMAGES; (LIONFISH GROUP) © OCEANPHOTO/FLPA/MINDEN PICTURES; (SINGLE LIONFISH) CSP_AMWU2008/FOTOSEARCH LBRF/AGE FOTOSTOCK; (LIONFISH SPINES) ZUMA PRESS INC/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (LIONFISH AND REEF) REINHARD DIRSCHERL/AGE FOTOSTOCK/SUPERSTOCK; (DICER WITH SPEAR) CULTURA CREATIVE (RF) /ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (CHIEFS) ZUMA PRESS INC/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (LIONFISH PHOTO AND VIDEO) STEVE GITTINGS. ROUND AND ROUND WITH WHEELS AND AXLES: (BICYCLES) PROSTOCK-STUDIO/SHUTTERSTOCK; (BACKGROUND) STUDIOSTOKS/SHUTTERSTOCK; (BOOKS) MALCHEV/SHUTTERSTOCK; (WOMAN WITH CART) DNY59/E+/GETTY IMAGES; (TRAILER) STEVANOVICIGOR/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS; (BICYCLE) IAKOVENKO/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES; (INSET) SHCHR/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS; (WRENCH) MACIDA/E+/GETTY IMAGES; (WRENCH VIDEO) BLACKLIGHT FILMS/IMAGE BANK FILM/GETTY IMAGES; (SCREWDRIVER) PHOTODISC; (DOORKNOB) SILVERLINING56/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES; (FERRIS WHEEL VIDEO) BSPC/CREATAS VIDEO/GETTY IMAGES; (GETTING IN GEAR ALL) REBECCA HALE/NG STAFF. ABRAHAM’S ARTIFACTS: (LINCOLN) RGB VENTURES/SUPERSTOCK/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (LINCOLN’S HAT, LINCOLN’S COAT, AND COAT DETAIL, HANDKERCHIEF, BUTTON, MONEY, WALLET) LIBRARY OF CONGRESS; (LINCOLN WITH HAT) UNIVERSAL HISTORY ARCHIVE/UNIVERSAL IMAGE GROUP/GETTY IMAGES; (LINCOLN ITEMS) MPI/STRINGER/ARCHIVE PHOTOS/GETTY IMAGES. EXPLORER CLASSROOM: REBECCA HALE/NG STAFF. ENDING PHOTO: LAURA DINRATHS/SHUTTERSTOCK.