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DIGITAL CREDITS | COVER: JORGE GAMBOA/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC IMAGE COLLECTION. TABLE OF CONTENTS: (BACKGROUND) PETER CADE/THE IMAGE BANK/GETTY IMAGES; THE SCOOP ON POOP (BACKGROUND) STUDIOSTOKS/SHUTTERSTOCK; (ASTRONAUT) SERGEY NIVENS/SHUTTERSTOCK; (BOY) BEN GINGELL/SHUTTERSTOCK; (WOMAN) WAYHOME STUDIO/SHUTTERSTOCK; (DOG) ARTSILLENSE/SHUTTERSTOCK; (CAT) NATTIKA/SHUTTERSTOCK; (PLASTIC) FRANS LEMMENS/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO. THE SCOOP ON POOP: (BACKGROUND) STUDIOSTOKS/SHUTTERSTOCK; (ASTRONAUT) SERGEY NIVENS/SHUTTERSTOCK; (BOY) BEN GINGELL/SHUTTERSTOCK; (WOMAN) WAYHOME STUDIO/SHUTTERSTOCK; (DOG) ARTSILLENSE/SHUTTERSTOCK; (CAT) NATTIKA/SHUTTERSTOCK; (SCIENTIST) STUDIOSTOKS/SHUTTERSTOCK; (TAMBAQUI) WRANGEL/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES; (PARROTFISH IMAGE) WATERFRAME/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (PARROTFISH VIDEO) TUNART/CREATAS VIDEO/GETTY IMAGES; (LEAF BEETLE) ACHIM MITTLER/FRANKFURT AM MAIN/MOMENT/GETTY IMAGES; (LEAF BEETLE EGGS) BARRIE SHEERMAN/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (PENGUIN) © YVA MOMATIUK AND JOHN EASTCOTT/MINDEN PICTURES; (VULTURE) © TOM VEZO/NATUREPL.COM; (HIPPOPOTAMUS) GALLO IMAGES-HEINRICH VAN DEN BERG/RISER/GETTY IMAGES; (DUNG BEETLE IMAGE) JAMES HAGER/ROBERTHARDING/GETTY IMAGES; (DUNG BEETLE VIDEO) WILLEM VILJOEN/TENEIGHTY/IMAGE BANK FILM/GETTY IMAGES; (KOALA IMAGE) MARK NEWMAN/LONELY PLANET IMAGES/GETTY IMAGES; (KOALA VIDEO) PHAITOONS/CREATAS VIDEO/GETTY IMAGES. PLASTIC: FRANS LEMMENS/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (PLASTIC BACKGROUND) JAYK7/MOMENT/GETTY IMAGES; (FLOWER SHOP) KEVIN FRAYER/STRINGER/GETTY IMAGES NEWS; (HENDERSON ISLAND IMAGE) MICHAEL BROOKE/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (HENDERSON ISLAND VIDEO) JENNIFER LAVERS; (HENDERSON ISLAND) NASA/METI.AIST/JAPAN SPACE SYSTEMS AND U.S./JAPAN ASTER SCIENCE TEAM; (MAP) MAPPING SPECIALISTS, LTD; (CRAB) PAULO DE OLIVEIRA/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (SEA TURTLE) PAULO DE OLIVEIRA/NHPA/PHOTOSHOT/NEWSCOM; (HYENAS) BRIAN LEHMAN; (RECYCLING GRAPHIC) JASON TREAT/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC IMAGE COLLECTION; (BALES OF PLASTIC) LAURA LEZZA/GETTY IMAGES EUROPE; (OCEAN CLEANUP) MEDIANEWS GROUP/EAST BAY TIMES VIA GETTY IMAGES; (RECYLING FACILITY) RANDY OLSON/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC IMAGE COLLECTION; TEN THINGS YOU CAN DO: (PLASTIC BAG) MNI/SHUTTERSTOCK; (GREEN SHOPPING BAG) JANINE LAMONTAGNE/E+/GETTY IMAGES; (DRINK WITH STRAW) ALEXEY PUSTOSHILOV/SHUTTERSTOCK; (DRINK WITHOUT STRAW) DAVID BISHOP INC./PHOTOLIBRARY/GETTY IMAGES; (PLASTIC BOTTLES) ODUA IMAGES/SHUTTERSTOCK; (REUSABLE BOTTLE) WWING/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES; (LIQUID SOAP) AKSENOVA NATALYA/SHUTTERSTOCK; (BAR SOAP) VOVA SHEVCHUK/SHUTTERSTOCK; (RECYCLING BINS) NATTIO/SHUTTERSTOCK; (LITTER SIGNS) XVECTOR ICON/SHUTTERSTOCK; (PLASTIC CUP) AFRICAN STUDIO/SHUTTERSTOCK; (APPLE) ROMAN SAMOKHIN/SHUTTERSTOCK; (SANDWICH BAG) HURST PHOTO/SHUTTERSTOCK; (REUSABLE LUNCH BOX) AFRICA STUDIO/SHUTTERSTOCK; (ICE CREAM IN CUP) FEEL PHOTO ART/SHUTTERSTOCK; (ICE CREAM CONE) DESIGNS STOCK/SHUTTERSTOCK; (PICKING UP TRASH) MIXETTO/E+/GETTY IMAGES. WHAT’S NEW: (LEAF ILLUSTRATIONS) EVA 105/SHUTTERSTOCK; (MONKEY) CYRIL C. GRUETER; (YETI CRAB) PHOTOPQR/LE TELEGRAMME/NEWSSCOM; (SORTING HAT SPIDER) IMAGE BY SUMUKHA J. N./DISCOVERY BY JAVED AHMED, RAJASHREE KHALAP & SUMUKHA J.N; (BEYONCE FLY) BRYAN LESSARD/CSIRO/WWW.CSIRO.AU/EN/ABOUT/WE-ARE/CSIRO; (BLUE TARANTULA) ANDREW SNYDER; (SALAMANDER) TODD PIERSON; (PSYCHEDELIC FROG FISH) © CHRISTOPHER J. CROWLEY; (BAT FOSSIL) TANNIS TOOHEY/TORONTO STAR/GETTY IMAGES; (SPIDER VIDEO) INGO RECHENBERG; (BONAIR BOX JELLY) STEVE SCHNOLL. EXPLORER CLASSROOM: REBECCA HALE/NG STAFF. THE END: ZYOMA/SHUTTERSTOCK.