LifeinWater
NoteveryscientistagreedwithIbrahim.So,withagrantfromtheNationalGeographicSociety,Ibrahimsearchedformorefossils.Theworkwasdifficult.However,itbecamerewardingaftertheteamdiscoveredmorepiecesofaSpinosaurustail.
Inotherdinosaurs,thetailnarrowstoapoint.InSpinosaurus,thetailisbroad.Itlookslikeapaddle.Tinybumpsnearthetail’sendmayhaveallowedittomovebackandforth.Long,thinbonesconnecttothetaillikethetailbonesina fish.
Ibrahimwantedtoknowhowthistailmighthaveworkedinthewater.Throughdigitalmodelingandarealmodeltestedinwater,hefound out.
![](/nationalgeographic/pathfinder_september_october_2020/life_in_water_and_questions_remain_and_a_view_around_spinosaurus/838070/NGX0115_PF_22B_SM.640_0_1.png)
Spinosaurus hadcrocodile-likejawswithlarge,cone-shapedteethtogripslippery fish.
Spinosaurus’ taildeliversmorethaneighttimestheforwardthrustinwaterthanthetailsofotherdinosonland.Nowmorethanever,IbrahimwascertainthatSpinosaurusspentmostofitstimeinthe water.
![](/nationalgeographic/pathfinder_september_october_2020/life_in_water_and_questions_remain_and_a_view_around_spinosaurus/838072/fosils.480_0_1.jpg)
FossilsegmentsofSpinosaurus’tailnowindicatethatitstailwasbroadandusedasapaddleduring swimming.
![](/nationalgeographic/pathfinder_september_october_2020/life_in_water_and_questions_remain_and_a_view_around_spinosaurus/838071/tailwhip.960_0_1.png)
ScientistspreviouslythoughtSpinosaurus’tailwasnarrow
and pointed.
![](/nationalgeographic/pathfinder_september_october_2020/life_in_water_and_questions_remain_and_a_view_around_spinosaurus/838082/.Virtual__Spinosaurus.mp4.960_0_1.jpg)
Inthisanimation,aSpinosaurususesitspaddle-liketailtomovethrough water.
QuestionsRemain
Researchgoeson.Oneoftheotherfossilsmayholdanotherimportantclue.Itisabonefromthedinosaur’sfoot.Withit,theteamcanrecreatethewholefoot.Ibrahimbelievesitwaswebbed.Goodforanaquatic dinosaur.
IbrahimcontinuestodigtofindanswerstohisSpinosaurusquestions.Themoreimpossiblethequestion,themoredeterminedheistoanswer it.
![](/nationalgeographic/pathfinder_september_october_2020/life_in_water_and_questions_remain_and_a_view_around_spinosaurus/838074/NGX0920_EE_08A.480_0_1.jpg)
Scientistsattempttocreatealife-sizemodelofSpinosaurus, showcasingwhatisnowknownaboutits tail.
AViewAroundSpinosaurus
![](/nationalgeographic/pathfinder_september_october_2020/life_in_water_and_questions_remain_and_a_view_around_spinosaurus/838081/dino_spinning_start.960_0_1.jpg)
Dragtheslidertoturnthis3DmodelofSpinosaurus.