![](/nationalgeographic/trailblazer_september_october_2020/on_the_trail_and_discovery_and_building_the_beast_and_making_a_model/841166/NGX0920_EE_06B_PCedit.640_0_1.jpg)
Ibrahimworksslowlyand carefully.
OntheTrail
Itwascrazy.Ibrahimknewthat.Fiveyearshadpassed.Ibrahimdidn’tknowthefossilhunter’snameoraddress.Allheknewwasthathehadamustache.Still,ifhecouldfindhim,maybehecouldfindSpinosaurus.
IbrahimtraveledbacktothesmalltowninMorocco.Dayswentbywithoutsuccess.Hisspirits sank.
OnhislastdayinMorocco,Ibrahimsatwithtwofriendsinacafé.Helookedup.Atallmanwearingwhitepassedby.Themanlookedfamiliar.And,hehada mustache!
Ibrahimleapedupandchasedafterhim.Itwasthefossilhunter!Wouldthefossilhunterleadhimtothe fossils?
![](/nationalgeographic/trailblazer_september_october_2020/on_the_trail_and_discovery_and_building_the_beast_and_making_a_model/841165/NGX0920_EE_06A.480_0_1.jpg)
IbrahimwasledintothedeserttofindSpinosaurus.
![](/nationalgeographic/trailblazer_september_october_2020/on_the_trail_and_discovery_and_building_the_beast_and_making_a_model/841167/MM9074_190720_003819.640_0_1.jpg)
IbrahimworkedwithateamtouncoverSpinosaurusbones.
Discovery!
Themanwiththemustachelistenedclosely.HeagreedtoleadIbrahimtowherehe’dfoundthe fossils.
Thenextday,thetwomendroveintotheSahara.Theyclimbedasteepslopeonfoot.Nearthetop,theyreachedasmallcave.Thiswaswherethefossilhunterhadbeen digging.
Ibrahimpickedawayatsomeofthesandandrock.Withinminutes,hediscoveredseveralbones.Atlast,hehadfoundSpinosaurus!
BuildingtheBeast
Manylargedinosaursseemedtohavelivedinthisareaatthesametime.Weretheycompetingforthesameprey?Ifso,howdidSpinosaurussurvive?Ibrahimhada hypothesis.
Toproveit,hehadtoconductanexperiment.RecreateSpinosaurus.Hedidn’thaveallthepieces.But,hehadenoughtogetstarted.Hismethodwastomakeadigitalmodelonthecomputerbasedonwhatheknew.Withotherscientists,hemadeaskinforhismodel.Itlookeddifferentfromother dinosaurs.
![](/nationalgeographic/trailblazer_september_october_2020/on_the_trail_and_discovery_and_building_the_beast_and_making_a_model/841162/MM9074_190720_003750.512_0_1.jpg)
ThisSpinosaurusfootbonewasfoundatthedig site.
![](/nationalgeographic/trailblazer_september_october_2020/on_the_trail_and_discovery_and_building_the_beast_and_making_a_model/841163/NGX0115_PF_20_21.480_0_1.jpg)
Spinosaurus’ headwaslongand thin.
Ibrahim’s conclusionwasthatthisdinosaurspentmostofitstimeinwater.Itslongtailhelpedpropelit.Itswebbedfeethelpeditpaddle.Highnostrilsallowedittokeepitsheadunderwaterwhileithunted.Itwasabletoexistwithotherdinosaursbecauseithuntedinthe water.
MakingaModel
Spinosaurus’ neckandbodywerelongerthanthoseofotherdinosaurs.Ithadshorthindlegsandpowerfulforearms.Itsbackfeetwerewideandflat.ToIbrahim,theylookedlikepaddles.Theskullhadalongsnout.Yet,itsnostrilswerehalfwayuptheskull.Andthentherewasthesail.Itwaslongand high.
![](/nationalgeographic/trailblazer_september_october_2020/on_the_trail_and_discovery_and_building_the_beast_and_making_a_model/841164/NGX0155_PF_22_SM.400_0_1.png)
Spinosaurus’ wide,backfeetmayhavebeenwebbed, whichwouldhavehelpedit swim.