TheEnd
DEVELOPMENT
Editorial Director: Richard Easby
Creative Director: Karen Thompson
Editorial Manager: Brenna Maloney
Senior Editor: Corinne Rucker
Media Manager: Jay Sumner
Rights Clearance Specialist: Jean Cantu
Designer: Patrick Cavanagh
Production: Dreama Karnes-Bynane, Emily McKean
BUSINESS AND OPERATIONS
Operations Manager: Emily Mallozzi
Project Manager: Erin West Kephart
MARKETING
Marketing Director: James Bosley
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION
VP, Global Education Strategy: Lina Gomez
VP, Education Programs: Kim Hulse
Digital design and development: Schuttelaar & Partners
PUBLISHED BY NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
Interim CEO & President: Mike Ulica
EVP, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary: Angelo Grima
Chief Administrative Officer: Tara Bunch
Chief Scientist & SVP, Science and Exploration: Jonathan Baillie
Chief Marketing & Engagement Officer, SVP Global Strategy: Emma Carrasco
SVP, Partnerships: Leora Hanser
VP, Media Innovation: Kaitlin Yarnall
VP, International: Dave Schacht
Director, Executive HR: Yvonne Perry
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC YOUNG EXPLORER
(ISSN 1930-8116) is published seven times during the school year — September, October, November-December, January-February, March, April, May — by National Geographic Society, 1145 17th Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20036.
Copyright © 2018 National Geographic Society. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction of the whole or any part of the contents of NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC YOUNG EXPLORER without written permission is prohibited. National Geographic, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC YOUNG EXPLORER, and the Yellow Border are trademarks of the National Geographic Society.
DIGITAL CREDITS | COVER: JOEL SARTORE/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PHOTO ARK/THORNSIDE, QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA. TOC: (BACKGROUND) EDSON VANDEIRA/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CREATIVE; (BIRD) JOEL SARTORE/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PHOTO ARK/PLZEN ZOO, CZECH REPUBLIC; (MAN WITH MULE) JOHN STANMEYER/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CREATIVE; (LOBSTERS) MARK CONLIN/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO. WHY BIRDS MATTER: (ALL IMAGES) JOEL SARTORE/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PHOTO ARK; (AUSTRALIAN FINCHES) PLZEN ZOO, CZECH REPUBLIC; (FLAMINGOS) LINCOLN CHILDREN’S ZOO, NEBRASKA; (FLAMINGO VIDEO) OTTER FILMS/IMAGE BANK FILM/GETTY IMAGES; (FIERY BILLED ARACARI) DALLAS WORLD AQUARIUM, TEXAS; (SUPERB PARROT) THORNESIDE, QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA; (SUPERB FAIRY WREN) HEALSVILLE SANCTUARY/ AUSTRALIA; (MALAYAN CRESTED SERPENT EAGLE) PENANG BIRD PARK, MALAYSIA; (BARE-FACED GO-AWAY-BIRD) PRIVATE COLLECTION, FRANCE; (GREAT HORNBILL VIDEOS) KOKO_TEWAN/POND5; THANKS TO ICON FILMS/PHOTOLIBRARY VIDEO/GETTY IMAGES; (RAINBOW BUNTING) PRIVATE COLLECTION, FRANCE; (EURASIAN EAGLE OWL, PURPLE HERON, RED JUNGLEFOWL, ZARUDNY’S PHEASANT) PLZEN ZOO, CZECH REPUBLIC; (CHINESE ORIOLE, GREEN BROADBILL, CUBAN TROGON) PRIVATE COLLECTION, FRANCE; (CROWNED PIGEON) KAMLA NEHRU ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN, INDIA; (SECRETARY BIRD) TORONTO ZOO, CANADA; (INDOCHINESE GREEN PEAFOWL) ANKOR CENTRE FOR CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY, CAMBODIA; (GENTOO PENGUINS) OMAHA HENRY DOORLY ZOO, NEBRASKA; (KINGFISHER) PENANG BIRD PARK, MALAYSIA. OUT OF EDEN: (MAN & MULE BOTH & THREE MEN WALKING) JOHN STANMEYER/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CREATIVE; (MAP) MAPPING SPECIALISTS, LTD; (SHOES INSET) JOHN STANMEYER/VII/REDUX; (SUPPLIES & MAN WITH GRASS) PAUL SALOPEK. THE MAGIC BEHIND THEIR MOVEMENT: (PENGUIN VIDEO) GALAXID/MOMENT VIDEO RF/GETTY IMAGES; (CRABS AND SHEEP VIDEOS) NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CREATIVE; (LOBSTERS) MARK CONLIN/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (SINGLE LOBSTER) PHILIP FRISKORN/NIS/MINDEN PICTURES/AGE FOTOSTOCK; (SNAKES IMAGES BOTH) NORBERT ROSING/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CREATIVE; (SNAKE VIDEO) BBC UNIVERSAL/GETTY IMAGES; (SHEEP) © MICHAEL QUINTON/MINDEN PICTURES; (CRABS) © JURGEN FREUND/NATUREPL.COM; (PENGUINS) © COLIN MONTEATH/HEDGEHOG HOUSE/MINDEN PICTURES; (CRANES) © HANNE & JENS ERIKSEN/NATUREPL.COM; (CRANE VIDEO) NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CREATIVE; (EARTH) IMAGINIMA/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS. EXPLORER CLASSROOM: JOE GRABOWSKI. THE END: (OWL) JOEL SARTORE/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PHOTO ARK/CENTRO RECUPERO FAUNA SELVATICA TRENTO, ITALY.