DEVELOPMENT

Editorial Director: Richard Easby

Creative Director: Karen Thompson

Editorial Manager: Brenna Maloney

Senior Editor: Corinne Rucker

Media Manager: Jay Sumner

Rights Clearance Specialist: Jean Cantu

Designer: Patrick Cavanagh

Production: Dreama Karnes-Bynane, Emily McKean

BUSINESS AND OPERATIONS

Operations Manager: Emily Mallozzi

Project Manager: Erin West Kephart

MARKETING

Marketing Director: James Bosley

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION

VP, Global Education Strategy: Lina Gomez

VP, Education Programs: Kim Hulse

Digital Design: Schuttelaar & Partners

Digital Content Platform: H5mag

PUBLISHED BY NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY

Interim CEO & President: Mike Ulica

EVP, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary: Angelo Grima

Chief Administrative Officer: Tara Bunch

Chief Scientist & SVP, Science and Exploration: Jonathan Baillie

Chief Marketing & Engagement Officer, SVP Global Strategy: Emma Carrasco

SVP, Partnerships: Leora Hanser

VP, Media Innovation: Kaitlin Yarnall

VP, International: Dave Schacht

Director, Executive HR: Yvonne Perry

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC YOUNG EXPLORER

(ISSN 1930-8116) is published seven times during the school year — September, October, November-December, January-February, March, April, May — by National Geographic Society, 1145 17th Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20036.

Copyright © 2018 National Geographic Society. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction of the whole or any part of the contents of NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC YOUNG EXPLORER without written permission is prohibited. National Geographic, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC YOUNG EXPLORER, and the Yellow Border are trademarks of the National Geographic Society.

DIGITAL CREDITS | COVER: DUNCAN SHAW/OXFORD SCIENTIFIC/GETTY IMAGES. TOC: (BACKGROUND) PGIAM/E+/GETTY IMAGES; (BIRD) © ALAN MURPHY/BIA/MINDEN PICTURES; (CLOUDS) DANIEL GRILL/TETRA IMAGES/AGE FOTOSTOCK; (TREE) MIHAI ANDRITOIU/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO. IS IT A BIRD: © ALAN MURPHY/BIA/MINDEN PICTURES; (POST IT NOTES) PATTY CHAN/SHUTTERSTOCK; (OSTRICH) PETER RIGHTOUS/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (BAT) ALL CANADA PHOTOS/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (DUCK) TOM & PAT LEESON/KIMBALLSTOCK; DAVID CARBO/SHUTTERSTOCK; (OWL) © RAMON NAVARRO/NIS/MINDEN PICTURES’ (TOUCAN) © SUZI ESZTERHAS/MINDEN PICTURES; (BULLFINCH) © MATHIAS SCHAEF/BIA/MINDEN PICTURES; (GOOSE) © JOHN CANCALOSI/ARDEA.COM; (EMU) © STEVEN DAVID MILLER/NATUREPL.COM; (HUMMINGBIRD) GLASS AND NATURE/SHUTTERSTOCK; (PENGUIN) ANJCI © ALL RIGHTS RESERVED/MOMENT/GETTY IMAGES; THINGS WITH WINGS: (ROOSTER) SUPERSTOCK/AGE FOTOSTOCK; (LADYBUG) ANDRA SKONIECZNY/F1ONLINE/GETTY IMAGES; (WOODPECKER) © MARIE READ/NPL/MINDEN PICTURES; (SPARROW) AKURASHASHIN/MOMENT/GETTY IMAGES; (BEE) SUMIKOPHOTO/SHUTTERSTOCK; (HAWK) © TUI DE ROY/NATUREPL.COM; (DRAGONFLY) ROBERT C NUNNINGTON/GALLO IMAGES/GETTY IMAGES; (BAT) BLICKWINKEL/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO. CURIOUS ABOUT CLOUDS: (CLOUD VIDEO) STUDIO_VISION/POND5; (CIRRUS CLOUDS) © YVA MOMATIUK & JOHN EASTCOTT/MINDEN PICTURES; (STRATUS CLOUDS) WLDAVIES/E+/GETTY IMAGES; (CUMULUS CLOUDS) RAGNAR TH. SIGURDSSON/AGE FOTOSTOCK; (FARM) MIKE GRANDMAISON/ALL CANADA PHOTOS/GETTY IMAGES. POSTER: HIDE AND SEEK ILLUSTRATION BY TIM BRUMMETT/PRECISION GRAPHICS. WHAT CHANGES IN FALL: (FOUR SEASONS IMAGES) MIHAI ANDRITOIU/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (LEAVES) SUE BISHOP/CORBIS DOCUMENTARY/GETTY IMAGES; (PUMPKINS) JAMESVANCOUVER/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES; (FOX) © KONRAD WOTHE/MINDEN PICTURES; (SQUIRREL) BREUER WILDLIFE/BIOSPHOTO/GETTY IMAGES; (GEESE) SCOI22/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES; (FALL VIDEO) STEVANOVICGOR/CREATAS VIDEO+/GETTY IMAGES PLUS; (ORANGE LEAVES) PEARLS AND PROSE/MOMENT/GETTY IMAGES; (TREE) SHOBEIR ANSARI/MOMENT/GETTY IMAGES; (CORN HARVEST) DENNIS MACDONALD/PHOTOLIBRARY/GETTY IMAGES; (PUMPKINS) JAMESVANCOUVER/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES; (KIDS & APPLES) ERICMICHAUD/E+/GETTY IMAGES. EXPLORE MAPS: STEVE MCCRACKEN. THE END: FAZER44/MOMENT/GETTY IMAGES.