National Geographic - Explorer
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DEVELOPMENT

Senior Director, Curriculum & Content Innovation: Suzanne Simons

Senior Manager, Content Design: Karen Thompson

Manager, Content, Explorer: Brenna Maloney

Manager, Content, Young Explorer and digital magazines:
Corinne Rucker

Manager, Editorial Rights & Research: Jay Sumner

Specialist, Program Support: Jean Cantu

Specialist, Content Design: Patrick Cavanagh


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Senior Manager, Cross Cutting: Emily Mallozzi

Manager: Erin West Kephart


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VP, Educator Initiatives: Jennifer Aguilar

VP, Youth Initiatives: Lina Gomez

VP, Education Content: Kim Hulse

VP, Global Delivery: Sandra Licon


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PUBLISHED BY NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY

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Chief Administrative Officer: Tara Bunch

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Chief Human Resources Officer: Mara Dell


NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EXPLORER

(ISSN 1541-3357) is published five times during the school year—September–October, November–December, January–February, March, and April —by National Geographic Society, 1145 17th Street

NW, Washington, D.C. 20036.


Copyright © 2021 National Geographic Society. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction of the whole or any part of the contents of NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EXPLORER without written permission is prohibited. National Geographic, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EXPLORER, and the Yellow Border are trademarks of the National Geographic Society.

EXPLORER, APRIL 2021 (AD) DIGITAL CREDITS: COVER: © YASHPAL RATHORE/NATUREPL.COM. TABLE OF CONTENTS: (BACKGROUND) PRIMEIMAGES/E+/GETTY IMAGES; (ELEPHANT) WILLIAM PERSSON; (STONE) ED DARACK; (LAKE) ROLF HICKER PHOTOGRAPHY/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO. CURING WHAT AILS YOU: (LEAF DESIGN ELEMENTS) VIKIVECTOR/SHUTTERSTOCK; (ELEPHANTS OUTSIDE) HEMIS/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (ELEPHANTS EATING UNDER ROOF) ATTILA KLEB/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (SPIKY PLANT) THEWET/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS; (ELEPHANTS LOGGING) DANITA DELIMONT/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (MAPS) MAPPING SPECIALISTS, LTD; (SINGLE ELEPHANT EATING) KISZON PASCAL/MOMENT/GETTY IMAGES; (ALL OTHER IMAGES) WILLIAM PERSSON. NATURE’S MYSTERIES: (STONE) ED DARACK; (MAPS/GLOBES) LEONELLO CALVETTI/SHUTTERSTOCK; (CIRCLES IN SAND) LEE FROST/GETTY IMAGES; CIRCLE CLOSE UP) CHRIS AND SALLY GABLE/AGE FOTOSTOCK; (NORBERT JUERGENS) DETLEV KALDINSKI; (SAND TERMITES) CHROMORANGE/MARTINA RAEDLEIN/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (TERMITE SPOTS AERIAL) MARTIN HARVEY/THE IMAGE BANK/GETTY IMAGES; (PUFFERFISH CIRCLE PHOTO & YOJI OKATA PORTRAIT) © YOJI OKATA/NATURE PRODUCTION/MINDEN PICTURES; (PUFFERFISH VIDEOS BOTH) BBC NATURAL HISTORY/BBC CREATIVE/GETTY IMAGES; (SAILING STONE) MICHA PAWLITZKI/GETTY IMAGES; (MAN IN DEATH VALLEY) OSCITY/SHUTTERSTOCK; (DEATH VALLEY VIDEO) PRO_STUDIO/SHUTTERSTOCK; (RALPH LORENZ) RALPH LORENZ; (STONE BACKGROUND) ANTON SOROKIN/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO. LAKE TOUR: (BACKGROUND) ROLF HICKER PHOTOGRAPHY/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (TOP CENTER) PAUL & PAVEENA MCKENZIE/OXFORD SCIENTIFIC/GETTY IMAGES; (BOTTOM CENTER) PHOTOGRAPHY BY BYRON TANAPHOL PRUKSTON/MOMENT/GETTY IMAGES; (BOTTOM LEFT) MICHAEL WHEATLY/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (UPPER RIGHT) © PETER VERHOOG/BUITEN-BEELD/MINDEN PICTURES; (SPOTTED LAKE) GUNTER MARX PHOTOGRAPHY/CORBIS DOCUMENTARY/GETTY IMAGES; (LAKE NATRON) © GERRY ELLIS/MINDEN PICTURES; (FLAMINGOS) DAVID TIPLING PHOTO LIBRARY/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (LAKE BAIKAL) © OLGA KAMENSKAYA/NATUREPL.COM; (SEAL) GERALD NOWAK/IMAGE BROKER/GETTY IMAGES; (DIVER) MICHELE WESTMORLAND/NATUREPL.COM; (JELLYFISH CLOSE UP) © PETER VERHOOG/BUITEN-BEELD/MINDEN PICTURES; (BOILING LAKE VIDEO) LADRONES/POND 5; (BOILING LAKE IMAGE) GEORGE H.H. HUEY/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (GREENLAND) JASON EDWARDS/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC IMAGE COLLECTION; (GREENLAND VIDEO) SEAN GALLUP/GETTY IMAGES EDITORIAL FOOTAGE/GETTY IMAGES. THE END PHOTO: JMWSCOUT/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS.