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NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EXPLORER

(ISSN 1541-3357) is published five times during the school year—September-October, November– December, January–February, March, and April—by National Geographic Society, 1145 17th Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20036. 


Copyright © 2020 National Geographic Society. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction of the whole or any part of the contents of National Geographic Explorer without written permission is prohibited. National Geographic, National Geographic Explorer, and the Yellow Border are trademarks of the National Geographic Society.

DIGITAL CREDITS | COVER: (HANDS & EARTH VIDEO) NIMEDIA/SHUTTERSTOCK. TABLE OF CONTENTS: (BACKGROUND) ALEKSANDR KONDRATOV/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (TASMANIAN DEVIL) © SUZI ESZTERHAS/MINDEN PICTURES; (GROUP) PROSTOCK-STUDIO/SHUTTERSTOCK; (REEF) LUIZ PUNTEL/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO. WHAT THE DEVIL: (GROWLING AT CAMERA) © SUZI ESZTERHAS/MINDEN PICTURES; (OPEN MOUTH) CRAIGRJD/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS; (MAP) MAPPING SPECIALISTS, LTD; (MOM & BABIES) © DAVE WATTS/NATUREPL.COM; (EATING) © D. PARER AND E. PARER-COOK/MINDEN PICTURES; (SKULL) MILLARD H. SHARP/SCIENCE SOURCE; (RAISIN) EM ARTS/SHUTTERSTOCK; (IMP TO DEVIL) ROBERT DOWNER/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS; (FULL BODY) JOEL SARTORE/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PHOTO ARK; (FULL BODY SKELETON) MILLARD H. SHARP/SCIENCE SOURCE; (CLAW) BEN185/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS; (EAR) CRAIGRJD/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES PLUS; (TASMANIAN DEVIL VIDEOS BOTH) SKY NEWS/FILM IMAGE PARTNER/GETTY IMAGES; (TASMANIAN DEVIL SOUND) SOUNDIDEASCOM/POND 5; (FIGHTING & LYING ON LOG) BEN185/ISTOCK/GETTY IMAGES; (STANDING IN GRASS) © D. PARER & E. PARER-COOK/ARDEA.COM/MARY EVANS PICTURE LIBRARY LTD/AGE FOTOSTOCK; (HANDS & BABY) NEWSPIX/GETTY IMAGES. MAKE THE WORLD A BETTER PLACE: (BACKGROUND & BORDER) VIKASUH/SHUTTERSTOCK; (GROUP OF KIDS) PROSTOCK-STUDIO/SHUTTERSTOCK; (GIRL & MAP) KHAKIMULLIN ALEKSANDR/SHUTTERSTOCK; (WHAT’S YOUR STORY) MAREKULIASZ/SHUTTERSTOCK; (LISTEN) ENTERLINEDESIGN/SHUTTERSTOCK; (DOG) JAVIER BROSCH/SHUTTERSTOCK; (TRUTH STAMP) JANE0606/SHUTTERSTOCK; (GUY IN BLUE SHIRT) KOSTUDIO/SHUTTERSTOCK; (GROUP PAINTING) HILL STREET STUDIOS/DIGITAL VISION/GETTY IMAGES; (GIRL HOLDING SIGN & HAND WITH QUESTION MARKS) RAWPIXEL.COM/SHUTTERSTOCK; (GANDHI) DINODIA PHOTOS/ALAMY STOCK PHOTOS; (BOOK COVER) NG PARTNERS. ARTIFICIAL REEFS: (SHIPWRECK & DIVER) LUIZ PUNTEL/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (UNDERWATER STATUE & DIVER) LUIS JAVIER SANDOVAL/VWPICS/AGE FOTOSTOCK/NEWSCOM; (REEF CLOSE-UP & RED FISH) © GEORGETTE DOUWMA/NATUREPL.COM; (NATURAL REEF) © ALEX MUSTARD/NATUREPL.COM; (DAMAGED REEF) REINHARD DIRSCHERL/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (UNDERWATER STATUES) DONALD MIRALLE/GETTY IMAGES ENTERTAINMENT/GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA; (ARTIST) DON COUCH/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (MUSA REEF VIDEO) BLACKBOXGUILD/SHUTTERSTOCK; (OIL RIG & CORAL) JESSE CANCELMO; (MAP) MAPPING SPECIALISTS, LTD; (GIANNIS D SHIPWRECK) IMAGEBROKER/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO; (SS THISTLEGORM VIDEO) ANDRIY NEKRASOV/SHUTTERSTOCK; (TURTLE EATING) © ALEX MUSTARD/NATUREPL.COM; (ARTIFICIAL REEF VIDEO) REMS PRODUCTION/SHUTTERSTOCK. THE END: JEFFREY ISAAC GREENBERG 16+/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO.